Stone and gravel placement uses a material slinger: a truck-mounted, high-speed conveyor that launches material to the target area in a controlled stream. Fed from the truck's hopper, it places gravel and stone, sand and soil precisely, with far less handling by hand.
On OE jobs, excavations are backfilled with aggregate from a stone slinger or dump truck, or with U-Fill unshrinkable concrete. Sand recycled from hydrovac waste is washed to meet the Ontario Provincial Standard Specification and is often used to refill excavated holes. Once the hole is filled, OE restores the surface to look as good or better than before.
Ontario municipal note: municipalities set how backfill is placed. In Toronto, for example, specification TS 4.60 calls for granular backfill under pavement in lifts no thicker than 150 mm, each compacted to at least 98% of standard Proctor maximum dry density, with pipe bedding and cover compacted to at least 98% and free of reclaimed asphalt. Where native material is used under asphalt, a 400 mm layer of Granular A, compacted to 98%, goes immediately below the asphalt.